Situs Geologi

1. Situs Rijang Merah Berlapis Desa Seboro Sadang / EXOTIC BLOCKS OF BEDDED RADIOLARIAN CHERT

The red chert, which is fine-grained, well-layered, and contains radiolaria fossils, is exposed in the village of East Sadang at coordinates of -7.5164 °S and 109.7400 °E. The layer thickness ranges between 5-20 cm. These deep-sea siliceous rocks are large exotic blocks within the Lukulo Tectonic Melange Complex. The location is in the Karangsambung Geological Heritage Conservation Area (KCAGK), thus fulfilling a protective function. This site includes 1st phase of geological history, paleontology, and history of geoscience features with international significance

 

The outcrop of chert, alternating with red calcareous limestone, is an ancient ocean floor rock, G-01, Sadang Wetan.

2. Endapan Olistrostoma Formasi Totogan Sadang / OLISTOSTROME DEPOSITS OF TOTOGAN FORMATION

This geological site is located in Cangkring Village, at coordinates -7.5164 °S, 109.7244 °E. Olistostrome deposits from the Totogan Formation intersect fine-sized sedimentary rocks and claystone, showing the underwater sliding phenomenon caused by gravity. This phenomenon occurred during the Eocene. Hence, this rock is included in the sedimentary melange unit (olistostrome). Local people name these stones rainbow stones because of their various lithological colors, from yellow, brown, and reddish to blackish gray. This site includes the second phase of geological history, stratigraphy, and sedimentology geological features with national significance

An intersection of claystone, silt, and fine sand with various colors and a sedimentary slump structure resulting from underwater sliding

 

3. Blok Eksotik Rijang Radiolaria dan Watulempung Merah Bukit Putri Sadang / EXOTIC BLOCKS OF RADIOLARIAN CHERT AND RED CLAYSTONE OF PUTRI HILL

The exposed rocks in Putri Hill, Kedunggong Village, at coordinates -7,4810 °S and 109,7491 °E, are blocks composed of alternating radiolaria chert and red calcareous claystone. Radiolaria fossils up to 0.1 mm in size are characterized by Late Cretaceous age (Wakita et al., 1994). These exotic blocks are part of the Lukulo Tectonic Melange Complex, formed during the Late Cretaceous-Paleocene.
This geological site is closely related to intangible cultural aspects: the hereditary story of 3 daughters from the Majapahit Kingdom (Tribuana Tungga Dewi, Gayatri, Prajna Paramita). The three arrived in this area to look for King Jayanegara, who left Majapahit when the Sadeng War broke out (Ra Kuti and Ra Semi Rebellion). Their journey was escorted by Joko Supo, who is also a Keris maker. The Keris was made in the Loning River, which is close to this location. This site is part of the first phase of the area's geological history, with paleontology and geoscience history features, including international significance value.

 

The KKGS-03 Geological site consists of; a) and b) an intersection between chert and calcareous red claystone, c) a well on the Putri hill, which is believed to be the residence of 3 princesses of the king, d) a water hole on the edge of Loning River which is believed to be a beselen, a place for washing Supo's keris master

4. Larva Bantal dan Rijang Merah Sungai Muncar Sadang / EXOTIC BLOCKS OF PILLOW-LAVA AND RADIOLARIAN CHERT OF MUNCAR RIVER

On the Muncar River, at coordinates -7.5008 °S, 109.7058 °E, a vertical wall 3 m high and 100 m long exposes an alternating layer of radiolarian chert, calcareous red claystone basaltic lava. The deep-sea sedimentary rock that sits upright and is cut by calcite veins is in contact with pillow-shaped basaltic lava. Chert and red claystone are due to the iron element containing Radiolaria fossils in Late Cretaceous chert (Wakita et al., 1991). The dating method uses the K-Ar on the basaltic pillow lava aged 81 ± 4 mya (Suparka, 1988). At about 81 mya, these rocks are on the seafloor at a depth of about 4,000 m. Furthermore, at 55 mya (Eocene), it was lifted by very strong tectonics. Under the basaltic lava, eclogite blocks are found containing garnet and omphacite minerals. The eclogite in the Lukulo Tectonic Melange Complex is formed at a temperature of 365 - 4100 C to 550-6250C and a pressure of 2.0-2.3 GPa to 2.15-2.25 Gpa (Setiawan et al. 2015). R-Sr analysis of eclogite samples, epidote-glaucophane schists, and epidote amphibolites resulted in 119-117 mya in the Early Cretaceous (Hoffmann et al., 2019). A similar basalt in Medana River (Ansori, 2007) is a silica-saturated tholeiitic type, which forms on the mid-ocean ridge. This site is part of the first phase of the area's geological history, with paleontology and geoscience history features, including global significance value.

 

Geosite G-04. a) It is the upper part of the ophiolite sequence that is formed on the ancient seafloor, b) chert outcrops with pillow lava, c) and d) pillow-structured basaltic lava, and

e). geosite information board to support geotourism

 

5. Sekis Mika Sungai brengkok Sadang / EXOTIC BLOCKS OF MICA SCHISTS OF BRENGKOK RIVER

A block of micaceous schist in Brengkok River, at coordinates -7.5100 °S and 109.7078 °E, is an exotic block in the Lukulo Tectonic Melange Complex. This greenish-to-brownish rock is composed of mica alignment, which forms a foliation structure. Dating with the K-Ar method by Ketner (1976) shows that the displacement of the original rock occurred around 177 Mya. Thus, the micaceous schist of the Brengkok River is considered the old exposed bedrock on Java Island. This site is part of the first phase of the geological history of the area, with metamorphic and history of geoscience features, including international significance value.

 

Photo of micaceous schist outcrop in the G-05 geosite; a) Micaceous schist rock aged about 117 mya, b) the foliation structure of the micaceous schist, c) mica as the main mineral in schist rocks.

 

6. Serpentinit Pucangan Sadang / EXOTIC BLOCKS OF SERPENTINITE OF PUCANGAN

This ultramafic type rock of serpentinite exotic block, which is dark green and strongly eroded with a slippery surface, is exposed in Pucangan Village at coordinates -7.5167 °S, 109.6814 °E. This rock formed the seafloor changes through 2 phases: when magma is exposed to seawater and when the rock enters the subduction path before finally being lifted to the surface. As part of the ophiolite rock that is separated and metamorphosed, the rock contains an asbestos mineral excavated in the past. This site is part of the first phase of the area's geological history, with metamorphic and mineralogy of geological features, including national significance value

 

Photo of rock outcrop on the G-06 geosite; a) Serpentinite outcrops in Pucangan Village, b). the slicken side develops in serpentinite, c) geosite information board at G-06.

7. Blok Ofiolitik Eksotis Sungai Lokidang Karanggayam / EXOTIC BLOCKS OF OPHIOLITIC OF LOKIDANG RIVER

At Lokidang River, a branch of Lukulo River, at coordinates -7,5039 °S, 109.6709 °E, ophiolite rocks with incomplete sequences are exposed. The oceanic crust rocks at this location are represented by gabbro and basalt.
Karangsambung ophiolite complex comprises cherts from deep-sea sediments, basaltic pillow lava, diabase, gabbro, and partial serpentinization of clinopyroxene rocks (Makarate et al. 2019). This incomplete sequence of the lherzolite ophiolite rock type undergoes displacement, and the frozen rock is metamorphosed from silica-rich magma. Basal and diabase were 81± 4.06 mya and 85.03 ± 4.25 mya, respectively. This site is part of the first phase of the geological history of the area, with igneous and history of geoscience features, including international significance value.

 

Photo of outcrop rock on G-07 Serpentinite; a) basalt and gabbro, which are included in the ophiolite group, b) microscope photos of gabbro, which consist of ortho-pyroxene minerals and alkaline plagioclase, c) ophiolite sequences found in Lokidang River (Makarate et al., 2019)

8. Marmer Formasi Totogan Sadang / EXOTIC BLOCKS OF MARBLE FROM TOTOGAN VILLAGE

The rock outcrops found in the Totogan Village quarry, at coordinates -7.5372 °S, 109.6656 °E, are white, red, and green marble. These large exotic blocks are exposed at the Lukulo Tectonic Melange Complex and form part of the old rock in the Karangsambung area. In the past, this limestone displacement has been excavated for ornamentation. The color variety of marble has affected the impurity when the rocks are deposited. This site is part of the first phase of the geological history of the area, with metamorphic and mineralogy of geological features, including national significance value

 

Geosite G-08; a) marble outcrops, regional metamorphic rocks, b) scratch the line indicating the existence of a shear fault, c) microscope photo of marble showing calcite mineral with curvature lamellae structure due to tectonic processes

9. Goa Lawa dan Landak Desa Totogan Karangsambung / LAWA- AND LANDAK CAVES OF TOTOGAN VILLAGE

The marble in Totogan Village, north of Lukulo River, at coordinates -7.5170 °S, 109.6810 °E, has dissolved to form a cave. Lawa and Landak Caves are bats and porcupine habitats. The local community develops this geological site into a tourist attraction object. This site is part of the first phase of the area's geological history, with metamorphic and mineralogy of geological features, including local significance value

 

Geological site G-09 is a marble hill that forms a cave, mainly inhabited by bats and porcupine

 

10. Columnar Joimt Diabas Gunung Parang Karangsambung / COLUMNAR-JOINTED DIABASE OF PARANG HILL

Mount Parang, located at coordinates -7.5453 °S, 109.6717 °E, is a small hill composed of diabase rocks. This intrusive rock forms a columnar joint. In Jebuk River, on the hill's southern slope, a touch is found between the diabase and the Karangsambung Formation claystone. Diabase that inserts between claystone layers gives the appearance of sill intrusion—the contact between Claystone and igneous rock forms hornfels. Streaks in several places indicate if faults cut this area. The dismantlement of the K-Ar diabase, which produces an age of 39.86 ± 3.31 million, proves the Tertiary volcanic phenomenon in the Karangsambung area. This site is part of the second phase of the geological history of the area, with structural and igneous rock geological features, including international significance value.

 

Geological siteG-10 in the form of a) diabase igneous rock that forms a columnar joint, b) tectonic model of the diabase at Mount Parang intrusion

(Setiawan N, 2013), and c) outcrop sketch of Mount Parang (Harsolumakso, A., 1999).

 

11. Olistolit Batu Gamping Numulitik Formasi Karangsambung / OLISTOLITH OF NUMULITIC LIMESTONES OF KARANGSAMBUNG FORMATION

Nummulite brown limestone outcrops in front of the Karangsambung field campus building, at coordinates -7.5467 °S, 109.6678 °E, are olistoliths in the Olistostrome deposits of the Karangsambung Formation. Limestone is rich in fossils of Nummulite sp., Alveolina sp., Flosculina sp., Pellatispira sp., Assilina sp., and Quinqueloculina sp., this is Eocene age or formed around 55 Mya. Before sliding due to its gravity, this fossilized limestone is deposited in a shallow marine environment on the basin's edge. This site is part of the second phase of the area's geological history, with paleontology and sedimentology geological features, including international significance value.

 

Geological site G-11 is in the form of limestone outcrops of nummulites (a and b) and thin incisions containing aged Eocene discocyclina s.p fossils (c) olistoliths in the Karangsambung formation.

 

12.Olistolit dari Konglomerat Polimik Bukit Pasanggrahan Karangsambung / OLISTOLITH OF POLYMIC CONGLOMERATES OF PASANGGRAHAN HILL

Pesanggrahan Hill in Karangsambung Village, at coordinates -7.5356 °S, 109.6764 °E, is a small height whose lithology is composed of a conglomerate of various materials. Various rock components such as quartz, chert, basalt, and metamorphic rock are embedded in the sand matric material. Locals contain lignite minerals. The observed sedimentary structures are in graded bedding and flute cast. These boulders are olistolith in the Karangsambung Formation's olistostrome deposits, which slide underwater due to their gravity. This site is part of the second phase of the area's geological history, with sedimentology and history of geoscience features, including national significance value

 

Geological site G-12, an olistolith outcrop of a polymict conglomerate rock containing granules of quartz (a and b) and thin section photograph showing polymineralic quartz and basaltic igneous rock fragments (c).

 

13. Batuan Basal Bantal Breksi Sungai Mandala Karangsambung / EXOTIC-BLOCK OF BRECCIATED PILLOW-BASALTS OF MANDALA RIVER

Mandala River is the main branch of Lukulo River; its flow follows the northeast-southwest fault line at coordinates -7.5411 °S, 109.6689 °E, revealing pillow basalt lava attached to the chert. These rocks are exotic blocks within the Lukulo Tectonic Melange Complex. The faulting causes the stone to undergo brecciation and shearing. The northeast-southwest fault, a shear fault, is also a barrier to the distribution of tectonic rocks in the northwest and sedimentary rock (olistostrome) in the southeast. Microfold and striation indicate faults passing through this location (Ansori et al., 2014). This site is part of the first phase of the geological history of the area, with structure and igneous geological features, including national significance value

 

Pillow lava underwent brecciation and shear faults at G-13

 

14. Filit Bukit Sikako Karanggayam / EXOTIC BLOCKS OF PHYLLITES OF SIPAKO HILL

Sipako Hill at coordinates -7.5403 °S, 109.6672 °E is revealing dark gray to blackish phyllite. Leaves of low-grade metamorphic rocks forming these small folds are exotic blocks in Lukulo Tectonic Melange Complex. Locally, it contains many quartz veins 1-10 cm wide. Faults cut their outcrops in the direction of the river; these geological structures are indicated by drag-fold and slickenside (Ansori et al., 2014). This site is part of the first phase of the area's geological history, with metamorphic and structural geological features, including international significance value

 

 

Phyllite is a low-degree metamorphic rock exposed on the edge of Luk Ulo River with a micro fold and a slickenside

 

15. Rijang dan Lempung Merah Gampingan Bukit Wagir sambeng Karanggayam / EXOTIC BLOCKS OF CHERT AND RED CLAYSTONE OF WAGIRSAMBENG HILL

Isolated Wagirsambeng hill in Karanggayam District, at coordinates -7.5475 °S, 109.6525 °E, is an exotic Lukulo Tectonic Melange Complex block. More than 4 m high outcrops are composed of well-layered deep-sea sediment deposits, alternating reddish-brown chert, and calcareous red clay. The chert layer found Cretaceous radiolaria fossils such as C. sphaerica (White), Spongocapsula sp., Novixitus sp., and Alievium sp. (Wakita et al., 1994). This site is part of the first phase of the area's geological history, with paleontology and geomorphology of geological features, including international significance value

 

Rock outcrops of alternating chert with calcareous clay on Wagirsambeng Hill (a, b), Cretaceous radiolarian fossils obtained (Wakita et al, 1994) (c), and

Karangsambung Amphitheater morphology observed from the top of the hill (d).

 

16.Batu Kambing Terumbu, Bukit Jatibungkus Karangsambung / OLISTOLITH OF CORAL LIMESTONES OF JATIBUNGKUS HILL

A separate hill in the middle of rice fields known as Jatibungkus Hill (coordinates -7.5675 °S, 109.6822 °E) is an Eocene limestone outcrop of coral reefs. In terms of lithology, the surrounding environment is composed of the claystone of the Karangsambung Formation. This limestone hill is olistholite in Paleogene olistostrome (Eocene-Oligocene) deposits.
Limestone dissolution throughout geological time and space occurs after the limestone is on the surface (land), resulting in a subsurface landscape (endokarst symptom), a cave. In speleogenesis, its formation is affected by rock cracks (burly). This site is part of the second phase of the area's geological history, with paleontology and sedimentology of geological features, including international significance value

 

Jatibungkus Hill is an Eocene coral limestone olistolith that forms the Jatibungkus and Silodong caves.

 

17. Untrusi Diabas , Bukit Bujil Karangsambung / COLUMNAR-JOINTED DIABASE OF BUJIL HILL

Bujil, an isolated hill in Karangsambung Village located in Banioro Village at coordinates -7.5542 °S, 109.6856 °E, is compiled by Diabase. This intrusion rock undergoes columnar joints. The K-Ar dating method results in an age of 37.55 ± 1.96 mya, or it was formed in the Late Eocene-Oligocene (Suriatmadja et al., 1994). Thus, these rocks represent Tertiary volcanoes that break through the Paleogene olistostrome units in the Karangsambung area. This site is part of the second phase of the area's geological history, with geological structure and igneous geological features, including national significance value

 

Jatibungkus hill is a diabase intrusion that forms a columnar joint

 

18. Breksi Vulkanik Formasi Waturanda Karangsambung / ANDESITIC VOLCANIC BRECCIAS OF WATURANDA FORMATION

Volcanic breccia with andesite arrangement, which is exposed on the side of Kebumen-Karangsambung road, at coordinates -7.5742 °S, 109.6769 °E, is a hypostratotype of the Waturanda Formation, which is Early Miocene. The formation of this lithology is affected by submarine sliding (fluxo-turbidites), which occurs in the face arc basin area (Ansori et al., 2014). This site is part of the third phase of the area's geological history, with stratigraphy and sedimentology of geological features, including national significance value

 

Hypostratotype of Waturanda Formation, which is dominated by volcanic breccias alternating with sandstone

 

19.Batuan Sedimen Turbidit, Formasi Penosogan, Karangsambung / TURBIDITIC SEDIMENTS OF PENOSOGAN FORMATION

A series of limestone sedimentary rocks consisting of alternating sandstones, siltstones, and clay-stones in Kalikudu Village, at coordinates -7.5931 °S, 109.6938 °E, is a hypostratotype of the Penosogan Formation. The structure of the cross-sectional sediment, parallel lamination, and so on shows the depositional mechanism, which is influenced by turbid currents. This marine sedimentary rock formation was formed in the Middle Miocene period. This site is part of the fourth phase of the area's geological history, with stratigraphy and sedimentology of geological features, including national significance value.

 

 

Hypostratotype of Penosogan Formation, which is composed of alternating limestone sand, calcarenite, silt, marl, and its stratigraphic columns

 

20. Pemandian Air Panas Krakal / KRAKAL HOT SPRINGS

Krakal hot spring with a 38 - 41°C temperature, located at coordinates -7.6148 °S, 109.6996 °E, contains high sodium chloride and calcium chloride. The content of anion chloride (Cl), bicarbonate (HCO3), and sulfate (SO4) in the ternary diagram shows the water is derived from a deep earth heat fluid. During its journey to the surface, this chloride water mixes with groundwater. Krakal hot springs have been used for treatment since the Dutch Era (the 1800s) and continue until now. This site is part of the fourth phase of the area's geological history, with a history of geoscience features, including national significance value.

 

Krakal hot spring is non-volcanic and originates from a deep position

 

21. Curug Sindaro Karangsambung / SINDARO WATERFALL

Sindaro Waterfall in Wadasmalang Village, at coordinates -7.5593 °S, 109.7260 °E, is located in the type-section of Waturanda Formation. The early Miocene-aged rock units at this location comprised layers of rough-grained sandstone and andesite breccias. This place has been developed into an object and geo-tourism attraction. The area around the waterfall is the cultivation area for Arabica coffee, durian, and Klanceng beekeeping. This site is part of the third phase of the area's geological history, with stratigraphy and sedimentology features, including national significance value.

 

Sindaro Waterfall is located in Waturanda Formation, which was cut by the Kedung Bener River's fault

 

22.Mata Air Kalianget Karangsambung / KALIANGET HOT SPRINGS

The Kalianget hot springs in Wadasmalang Village, located at coordinates -7.5697 °S, 109.7241 °E, exit from the shear system in the contact zone between sandstones of Penosogan Formation Waturanda Formation breccias, with a temperature of around 40°C. The location, close to Sindaro waterfall, has not yet been developed into a geo-tourism object and attraction. This site is part of the fourth phase of the area's geological history, with structure and sedimentology features, including national significance value

 

Kalianget hot springs, Wadasmalang on carbonate sandstone layer of Penosogan Formation

 

23.Mata Air Panas Sempor / SEMPOR HOT SPRINGS

The spring location is under a large tree on the side of Sempor-Ketileng road, at coordinates -7.5758 °S; 109.4808 °E; this temperature is around 41°C. This colorless and odorless hot water is used as drinking water after it is cold by the locals. The surrounding lithology is an Early Miocene andesite breccia from the Waturanda Formation. The emergence of hot water on the surface is influenced by faults that limit the spread of the Waturanda Formation and Penosogan Formation. This geological structure extends into Kaligending Village and along its path out several hot springs.
The Dutch newspaper (Het Nieuws), published on April 29, 1907, presented Mineral Waterbron (source of mineral springs). The article stated that based on the analysis made by Mr. Rathkamp, an expert from Batavia (now Jakarta), mineral water is very healthy. Moreover, the quality is not inferior to similar water from Europe. This hot spring was purchased by Ch. Report cards from residents and used as a place for bathing (Hindarto, 2020). This site is part of the third phase of the area's geological history, with a history of geoscience features, including national significance value.

 

Sempor hot spring is located on a steep topography, the Waturanda Formation volcanic breccia, and has been utilized

 

24.Endapan Lahar Bukit Kedoya Sempor / LAVA DEPOSITS OF KEDOYA HILL

Kedoya Hill at coordinates -7.5721 °S, 109.4847 °E, in Tunjungseto Village, west of Sempor Reservoir, with an altitude of 197 m above the sea level, exposing layers of lava breccia and sandstones. This lithology is part of the enlarged Halang Formation, Late Miocene rocks of the South Serayu Mountains. From the top of the hill, a panoramic view of the Sempor Reservoir area can be seen. The top of the hill is sacred by Suyudono's legacy. Hermits visit this place. This site is part of the fifth phase of the area's geological history, with stratigraphy and sedimentology features, including local significance value

 

Lava breccia in Kedoya Hill, which is part of Halang Formation

 

25.Curug Sudimoro Sempor / SUDIMORO WATERFALL

Sudimoro Waterfall location is at Kali Kumbang, Somagede Village, Sempor District. The unique waterfall is multilevel with andesite breccia walls of the Waturanda Formation, resembling a floating screen. The position of the waterfall is at coordinates -7.5290 °S, 109.5279 °E. This site is part of the third phase of the geological history of the area, with stratigraphy and sedimentology features, including local significance value

 

Sudimoro waterfall at Waturanda Formation volcanic breccia

 

26.Mata air Banyumudal Buayan / BANYUMUDAL SPRINGS

Banyumudal Spring at coordinates -7.6436 °S, 109.4706 °E, is one of the South Gombong karst area water sources, which occupies the Karangbolong area. Cut by the topographic surface, the aquifer layer releases clean water with a large discharge, about 50 l/second. Since the Dutch era and currently managed by the Regional Drinking Water Company of Kebumen Regency, this spring has been used as a drinking water source since the Dutch era. This site is part of the fourth phase of the geological history of the area, with hydrogeology geological features, including national significance value

 

Banyumudal drinking water installation used since the Dutch era (a), and the geohydrological model of the formation of Banyumudal springs in the karst area (b).

 

27. Gua Jatijajar Ayah / JATIJAJAR CAVE COMPLEX

The endo-karst symptom of Jatijajar Cave, located at coordinates -7.6685 °S, 109.4705 °E, covers an area of 5.5 hectares. The Jatijajar Cave Complex includes Dempok Cave, Intan Cave and Jatijajar Cave. The caves, formed at an altitude of 250 m above sea level, were developed in the Middle Miocene limestone of the Kalipucang Formation.
Dempok Cave has a horizontal passage almost 100 m long. Half of the passageways starting from the ornamental entrance are natural caves. The remaining half are artificial caves ex-excavation of limestone and calcite. The dissolving holes in the cave roof (aven) provide natural ventilation so that the air in the cave remains fresh. Intan Cave is a fossil cave with cave ornaments such as stalactites, stalagmites, flowstones, and still actively forming pillars. This cave has two rooms with several small avens on the roof that function as natural ventilation. Jatijajar Cave has a horizontal tunnel along 250 m, 15 m wide, and 25 m in height The holes near the entrance are traces of excavating guano phosphate, resulting from the reaction between bat urine and limestone. Most of the stalactites, stalagmites, columns, and flowstones are inactive. A large hole in the roof, near a large column, is the history of discovering the cave by Djajamenawi in 1802. The existence of Jatijajar Cave is closely related to the legend or folktale of Kamandaka from the Pajajaran Kingdom. The diorama in the form of 32 life-size statues placed in the cave tells the whole story of the legends. This site is part of the fourth phase of the geological history of the area, hydrogeology features, including international significance value.

 

Jatijajar Cave Geosite: a) cave entrance and terminal, b) Dempok Cave at the front, the developing legend of Kamandaka, d) Jatijar Cave

 

28.Goa Barat Ayah / BARAT CAVE

The Barat Cave is the north part of the Jatijajar Cave Complex, with coordinates -7.6662 °S, 109.4356 °E. This international-scale river system was developed in the limestone of the Kalipucang Formation in the Middle Miocene age. The Barat Cave is a multilevel cave with a labyrinthine pattern of passages reaching thousands of meters in length, and about 3,305 m has been mapped in detail. Generally, the Barat Cave passageway has a north-south and west-east direction. Lower hallway, firefly hallway, upper hallway, and bat hallway are the names of the main hallways. Large flowstone waterfalls and steps are named Ulysses Falls and Superman Steps.
Usually, Cavers starts from Barat Cave, following a descending tunnel 60 m north. The end of the hall, which is in the form of a small room, has 3 branches from which the tracer can choose to continue his activities. This site is part of the fourth phase of the geological history of the area, hydrogeology and stratigraphy features, including international significance value

 

Beautiful Barat Cave Speleothem up to 3,305 m long

 

29. Batu Gamping Formasi Kalipucang Rowokele / NEOGEN LIMESTONES OF KALIPUCANG FORMATION

Yellowish white to light grey limestone outcrops at coordinates -7.6595 °S, 109.4384 °E are part of the Kalipucang Formation, Middle Miocene. This limestone contains fossils of foraminifera such as Lepidocyclina sumatrensis Brady, L. elegans Tan, and Cycloclypeus annulatus Martin that live in shallow seas at a maximum depth of 60 m. The former quarry at Kalisari exposed limestone facies ranging from bound stone to packstone. This site is part of the fourth phase of the geological history of the area, stratigraphy, and sedimentology features, including national significance value

 

 

Quarry of Kalipucang limestone with bound stone-pack stone facies

 

30. Gua Petruk Ayah / PETRUK CAVE

The mouth of the Petruk Cave location at the coordinates -7.7041 °S and 109.3980 °E is at an altitude of about 50 m above sea level. The multilevel cave with an underground river that flows out of the cave is about 100 m long. As scale and gravel on the riverbed are igneous and volcanic rocks, the underground river flows in the stratigraphic boundary between the limestone (Kalipucang Formation) and volcanic rocks (Gabon Formation). Types and sizes of cave ornaments are very diverse (stalactites, stalagmites, columns, flowstones, carpets, and so on).
Serigala Rock is the name for the boulder that looks like a wolf with white hair because the rock's surface is covered with pure white calcite. A center of gurdam covered with white stalagmites as high as 60 cm is called the Peluru Rock due to its physical form, while Taman Gajah Rock is a collection of short stalagmites with blunt ends, with the shape of a group of animals. The limestone layered with yellowish-brown to reddish color on the cave wall is called the Pelangi Rock. Stamp rock is a collection of small columns as high as 80 cm, where the cave ornament becomes a stamped image published in 1999. Other names include Breast Stone, Frog Stone, Doll Stone, Maria Stone, Pocong Stone, and Chair Stone. A shower cap that emits water is named Dandang Stone. This speleothem is similar to one of the cave ornaments in Sarawak, Malaysia, whose existence is globally known. Bats and snakes that live in caves are classified as troglophiles, while the biota of the inhabitants of the cave's eternal darkness include spiders, crickets, fish, and shrimp. This site is part of the fourth phase of the geological history of the area, hydrogeology and stratigraphy features, including international significance value

 

The beauty of the Petruk Cave speleothem and the map of the cave passages

 

31. Curug Gumawang Ayah / GUMAWANG WATERFALLS

Gumawang terraced waterfall in Candirenggo Village, at coordinates -7.6989 °S, 109.4044 °E, is developed in a stratigraphic convergence between Kalipucang Formation and Gabon Formation. Its panoramic landscape has been developed into tourist objects and attractions managed by the local Tourism Awareness Group. This site is part of the fourth phase of the area's geological history, hydrogeology features, and local significance value

 

Gumawang waterfall, a waterfall that comes from the karst area, the volcanic breccia layer of the Gabon Formation, is seen as the base of the limestone of the Kalipucang Formation

 

32. Pantai Karangagung Argopeni Ayah / KARANGAGUNG BEACH

Karangagung Beach in Argopeni Village, at coordinates -7.7390 °S and 109.3900 °E, reveals the convergence between the Kalipucang Formation's limestone and the Gabon Formation's volcanic rocks surrounding it. A sea stacks about 100 m offshore composed of breccias and lava. The lithology that expanded to form chunks of rock can be caused by faults that cut this area. This site is part of the third phase of the area's geological history, geomorphology features, and local significance value

 

Karangagung Beach is a white sandy beach with sea stacks composed of Gabon Formation breccia

 

33. Pantai Sawangan dan Goa Suurupan Karangduwur Ayah / SAWANGAN BEACH AND SURUPAN CAVE

Sawangan Beach in Karangduwur Village, located in coordinates -7.7575 °S, 109.3971 °E, has aesthetic value and a unique value from a geological aspect. This steep panoramic beach exposes the Early Miocene Gabon Formation with volcanic facies, stratigraphically in contact with carbonate facies from the Middle Miocene Kalipucang Formation. Surupan cave was safely traced to the outlet of the underground river. The surface river flows then runs across the volcanic breccia layer, which is expanded to form a multilevel waterfall. Around the object, there are many Ongole cattle breeders. Ongole is Kebumen's endemic cow variety. This site is part of the third phase of the geological history of the area, geomorphology and stratigraphy geological features, including national significance value

 

Sawangan beach with Surupan cave, which is above Gabon Formation breccia

 

34.Pantai Menganti Karangduwur Ayah / COLUMNAR-JOINTED BASALT OF MENGANTI BEACH

Volcanic breccias of the Early Miocene Gabon Formation are composed of andesite rocks around Menganti Beach. This beautiful beach is located at the coordinates -7,7576 °S and 109.3972 °E. Tanjung Karangbata, situated on the coastline, is composed of olivine basalt lava, which expands in the columnar joint. The cliffs in the eastern part are fault lines, where the southern chunks collapse into the sea. This site is part of the third phase of the area's geological history, volcanology, and structural features, including national significance value.

 

Columnar joint in basaltic andesite found at Menganti Beach

 

35.Pantai Pecaron Srati Ayah / PECARON BEACH

The narrow beach east of Menganti Beach, at coordinates -7.7709 °S and 109.4173 °E, is composed of volcanic breccias of the Gabon Formation, which is Early Miocene aged. Igneous rock fragments scattered on the edge of the white sandy beach are lumps of igneous rock and rubble limestone. Limestones overlie volcanic rocks from Kalipucang Formation, which occupy elevated areas. Steep walls formed by geological structures border the eastern coast. This site is part of the third phase of the geological history of the area, stratigraphy and geomorphology features, including local significance value

 

Volcanic breccia rock and white sand on Pecaron beach

 

36. Pantai Suramanis Pasir Ayah / SURUMANIS

This beach is located on the east side of Pecaron Beach at -7.7720 °S and 109.4302 °E, with exotic landscapes. The beauty of this beach results from sea abrasion processes against the rock walls on the shore. On the coastal wall, a layer of volcanic breccia rock sloping to the south is recognized in a position of N 700E / 250. Breccias are composed of andesite rock fragments with a base mass of coarse sand. Above the OAF breccia layer of Gabon Formation, limestone is found in Kalipucang Formation. The different types and hardness of rocks interacting with beach waves create an exciting panorama. This site is part of the third phase of the geological history of the area, geomorphology, and stratigraphy features, including national significance value

 

Surumanis Beach, is the result of the interaction between sea waves against breccia and limestone, which have different hardness

 

37. Jembatan Alam Pantai Lampon Pasir Ayah / NATURAL BRIDGE OF LAMPON BEACH

A row of beaches along several km at coordinates -7,7707 °S and 109.4364 °E, each has its name, such as Lampon Beach and Pasir Beach. This beach comprises two different rock facies: the Early Miocene volcanic rocks of the Gabon Formation and the Middle Miocene limestone of the Kalipucang Formation, which joined stratigraphically. This site is part of the third phase of the geological history of the area, geomorphology and stratigraphy features, including national significance value.
On Lampon Beach, a hole in the rock juts into the sea in the middle. This hole formed by abrasion forms a unique shape like a natural bridge with a width; width: 100%; of about 30 m. The name Lampon comes from the word "lamp." Folklore of local people living around the beach tells of the disappearance of a fisherman on the beach. On the seventh day, the victim's family made 7 lamps installed on the beach. Then, unexpectedly, the missing fisherman suddenly appeared with his boat, pushed aside by a giant whale. Most fishers consider Gegerlintang whales to be sacred fish, so they do not catch or kill them. This site is part of the third phase of the geological history of the area, geomorphology features, including national significance value

 

The natural bridge of Lampon Beach with the background of the Pasir Beach auction. The area is produced from the sea abrasion process on volcanic breccias

 

38.Pantai Watubale Pasir Ayah / WATUBALE BEACH

Watubale Beach in Pasir Village, at coordinates -7.7662 °S and 109.4412 °E, has a beautiful panorama. This beach was composed of volcanic breccia of the Gabon Formation, which was Early Miocene. This place has been developed into a tourist attraction object equipped with supporting facilities called the Titanic Cliff, the Jembatan Segitiga (Triangle Bridge), and the Rumah Pohon (Tree House). This site is part of the third phase of the area's geological history, geomorphology features, and national significance value

 

Geological diversity that exists around Watubale Beach resulting from the process of coastal abrasion against the rocks formed at that location

 

39. Pantai dan Goa Karangbolong Buayan dan Sagara View  / KARANGBOLONG-SAGARA VIEW BEACH

Karangbolong Beach, located at coordinates -7.7587 °S and 109.4681 °E, is the Manggo River and Cincingguling River estuary. This beach was composed of volcanic breccia, lava, and volcanic sandstones of coarse to very coarse size. The lithology is part of the Gabon Formation in the Early Miocene age.
The collapse was triggered by open burrows and rock layers forming a translucent cave about 20 m wide. The strong abrasion was partly responsible for the widening of the cave passages. The roof of the cave is the shelter for bats and sriti. In front of the mouth of the cave, a diorama of the process of taking a swallow's nest was made. From the Dutch era until now, Karangbolong has been known to collect swallow nests with high economic value. This site is part of the third phase of the geological history of the area, geomorphology and volcanology features, including national significance valueGabon Formation volcanic breccia rock inserted by sandstone that had experienced abrasion and formed a cave and geopark monument in Karangbolong

 

Gabon Formation volcanic breccia rock inserted by sandstone that had experienced abrasion and formed a cave and geopark monument in Karangbolong

 

40. Goa Simbar Rododadi Buayan / SIMBAR CAVE

Simbar Cave, at coordinates -7.6940 °S and 109.4765 °E, is one of the endo-karst symptoms generated by advanced karstification involving the Middle Miocene limestone of Kalipucang Formation. Over thousands of years, after the limestone was lifted to land at the beginning of the Quaternary Age or about 1.8 mya, the naturally occurring water dissolution resulted in caves that developed in the ground. This large room-shaped cave is decorated with various types and sizes of ornaments, such as stalactites, stalagmites, columns, flowstones, canopies, carpets, etc. Renovation of the cave in 2006-2007 made it easier for tourists to admire the beauty of the underground world in the karst region because the local government has developed this cave as a tourist object and attraction. The Biota of cave dwellers are bats, sriti, and cave crickets. This site is part of the fourth phase of the geological history of the area, hydrogeology features, including national significance value

 

Pillars in Simbar Cave, the result of the growth of stalactites and stalagmites that converged, and the mouth of the Darat Cave around Simbar Cave

 

41. Mata air lanengujung Buayan / LANGEN UJUNG SPRINGS

This spring is a source of karst water around the West Cave location at coordinates -7,6863 °S and 109,4855 °E. Rainwater that falls on the surface of the karst area enters the deeper limestone layers through the gap system - rock cracks. As a result, water accumulation, generally in underground rivers, occurs more frequently in the stratigraphic contact plane between the limestone and the surrounding rocks. The Gabon Formation lithology, which is more impermeable and can pass small water, is responsible for this phenomenon.
The springs, with an area of about 96 l/sec, are used to irrigate rice fields and for cooking and washing. This site is part of the fourth phase of the area's geological history, hydrogeology features, and national significance value

 

Langen Ujung springs are sourced from karst. It is utilized for tourism and agriculture

 

42.Bukit Pasir Jogosimo Klirong / BEACH EMBANKMENT, JOGOSIMO

Beach embankment is part of the landform formed by the work of seawater (waves and currents), both constructive (sedimentary) and destructive (abrasion) processes, and is
Annex-2, C.A. 64
found in coastal areas. Coastal areas are the confluence area between land and sea. The land is dry but sometimes submerged in water due to tides and still affected by strong sea winds and carries fine material and saltwater permeation. Meanwhile, the sea covers parts of the sea that are still influenced by natural processes that occur on land, such as sedimentation and freshwater flow, as well as those caused by human activities such as deforestation and pollution. The dunes at this location are present-day dunes that stretch west-east for about 40 km. However, not all dunes have been saved due to human activities. There are at least 4 paths that form dunes and the surrounding valleys. To the north, the dunes are getting older. The dunes are often developed as settlements, while the valleys are used for agricultural land. Several artifacts have been found in the form of the remains of jugs, terracotta, decorative and plain pottery, iron fragments, whetstones, and coins. The sites found indicate they were residential areas in the late prehistoric period around the beginning of the AD century. This site is part of the sixth phase of the area's geological history, geological Hazard, and history of geosience features, including national significance value

 

Dunes that form in the southern part of the Geopark and the formation of valleys that extend around it